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Trade barriers are government-imposed restraints on the flow of international goods or services. The most common form is a tariff, a tax on imports. By raising the price of imported goods, tariffs make foreign products less competitive relative to domestic ones, which helps protect domestic industries and can generate revenue for the government. There are other tools, like quotas or licensing, that also restrict trade, but the essential idea is to limit cross-border movement of goods and services. A fixed exchange rate mechanism is about how a country values its currency and isn’t itself a trade barrier.